The landscape of the path I am walking now is the Kotobuki color. Kotobuki color? Of course, there is no specific color called Kotobuki color. Kotobuki carries meanings of celebration, joy, and longevity. So, kotobuki color is a subjective, impressionistic color, ultimately representing a pleasant mood. The trees are budding, the grass along the dirt path is vibrant green, and on top of it, pure white yuki-yanagi line up, with rare pink yuki-yanagi planted here and there. I wonder what kind of scenery lies beyond this path. Just imagining it fills me with excitement. Although there are still days with temperatures reminiscent of midwinter, this landscape of smiling mountains is undoubtedly spring.
Today is the Vernal Equinox Day. It’s the day when the lengths of day and night are almost equal. From now until the Summer Solstice on June 21st, the daytime gradually lengthens, reaching its peak at nearly 14 hours and 30 minutes on the day of the Summer Solstice. After that, the daytime shortens gradually, and on the Autumnal Equinox Day (September 22nd), the lengths of day and night become equal again. By the way, the day with the shortest daytime is the Winter Solstice (December 21st), with approximately 9 hours and 30 minutes. While the Summer Solstice and Winter Solstice are not national holidays, the Vernal Equinox and Autumnal Equinox are. The reason Vernal Equinox Day and Autumnal Equinox Day became national holidays is related to the historical practice of imperial court rituals being conducted on these days. The “Spring Equinox Ceremony” is held on the Vernal Equinox, and the “Autumn Equinox Ceremony” is held on the Autumnal Equinox. Therefore, when the post-war constitution was established, Vernal Equinox Day was designated as a day to “respect nature and cherish living things,” while Autumnal Equinox Day was designated as a day to “honor ancestors and remember the deceased.” Thus, rituals have been carried out in Japan to pray for bountiful harvests in spring and express gratitude for the harvest in autumn, reflecting the cultural traditions nurtured in Japan.
Tomorrow, March 20th, is the Vernal Equinox Day, which marks the middle day of the Spring Equinox. In Buddhism, it is believed that by honoring Buddha on this day, one can reach the Pure Land, thus making it a day for honoring the deceased. As the saying goes, “The heat and cold are all the way to the spring and autumn equinox,” during the Spring equinox, the weather tends to become warmer, moving towards spring, while during the Autumn equinox, the summer heat gradually subsides, bringing cooler temperatures. Therefore, it is an ideal season for visiting graves. Now, when it comes to representative flowers for the Autumn equinox, the red spider lily comes to mind, but when asked about representative flowers for the Spring equinox, it’s a bit challenging. Carnations, chrysanthemums, kinsenka, sweet peas, statice, Turkish carnations, freesias, lilies, orchids, and other flowers are sometimes referred to as “Spring equinox flowers,” but there is no definitive flower. If one were to be mentioned, perhaps it would be the kinsenka. It is commonly seen everywhere during this season, offered at graves and altars, and used as cut flowers. However, while kinsenka are used for both the equinox and for decoration, certain varieties are also used as edible flowers in food. They are just too common. Unlike the bewitching and somewhat mysterious red spider lily of the Autumn equinox, there isn’t quite the same sense of otherworldliness associated with the kinsenka. It’s not a flower of the afterlife (paradise), but rather a flower of the present life.
The confusion over flower names is truly perplexing. The flower in the photo is an Acacia, specifically the Mimosa Acacia. There’s another Acacia known as the Silver Acacia. While Mimosa Acacia leaves are green, those of the Silver Acacia, true to its name, have a slight silvery hue. Interestingly, the Acacia in the popular song ‘When the Acacia Rain Stops’ from the 1960s, during the ANPO protests, is actually a False Acacia, originating from North America, with entirely different flower shapes. Another common mistake is confusing Acacia with Mimosa. Acacia originates from Australia and was used by the Aboriginal people there for declarations of love. When Acacia was introduced to France, it was initially called ‘Acacia resembling Mimosa,’ eventually leading it to be referred to as Mimosa. Mimosa, also known as Bowing Acacia, as its name suggests, bows its leaves when touched, unlike Acacia. Additionally, while Acacia blossoms yellow, Mimosa blooms pink flowers. March 8th is International Women’s Day, symbolized by the Mimosa, hence also known as ‘Mimosa Day.’ On this day, it’s customary for men to present fresh Mimosa to women they appreciate. Although this tradition has recently taken hold in Japan, the ‘Mimosa’ often gifted is usually Acacia, perhaps due to the lingering influence of Aboriginal customs.
In the village of Kotsumi in Kaizuka City, Osaka, there is a Pure Land Buddhist temple called Ko’onji. Only the Kuginashi Hall, also known as the Kotsumi Kuginashi-dō, remains of this temple. Originally, it was one of the forty-nine institutions established by the monk Gyōki during the Nara period, and it was a splendid temple with seven halls. However, through various upheavals and conflicts, only the Kannon Hall has survived to the present day. This Kannon Hall is considered one of the oldest wooden structures in Osaka Prefecture, representing a valuable example of late Kamakura period esoteric Buddhist architecture. It is called “Kotsumi Kuginashi-dō” because it was built without the use of any nails and has been designated as a national treasure. Gyōki, during the Asuka and Nara periods, defied the imperial court’s prohibition on directly preaching Buddhism to the populace and formed a group of followers. He preached Buddhism widely to people of all social classes in the Kinai region, including commoners and aristocrats, while also providing guidance on relief for the needy and social welfare activities. “Kotsumi” refers to the place name of Kaizuka City where Ko’onji is located. Gyōki named it “Kotsumi” because he used the area as a timber storage yard when he built 49 temples, including Kannon-in, in the Kansai region. Gyōki utilized this timber not only for temples but also established nine alms houses for travelers, forty-nine dojo temples, fifteen reservoirs, nine ditches and moats, and six bridges in various locations. It is surprising that many of these facilities are still in use today.
The excellence of Japanese banknotes is widely known around the world. This is due to their state-of-the-art counterfeit prevention technology, boasting the highest global standards, as well as the superior quality of the paper, which is produced from the bark of the Mitsumata tree. In 1875 (Meiji 8), banknotes were first made using Mitsumata as the raw material at the Government Printing Bureau. Since then, the use of Mitsumata has increased significantly, being widely utilized not only for banknotes but also for various types of paper such as certificates, map paper, and copy paper. Mitsumata is native to central and southern China as well as the Himalayan region, and it is believed to have been introduced to Japan in the early Edo period. However, there are conflicting theories, with some suggesting that it was brought to Japan even before the Manyoshu period. There is an ancient belief that the Mitsumata is referred to as “sakiku” in a poem by Kakinomoto no Hitomaro, “When spring comes, if the sakikusa blooms first, there may be a chance to meet later. Do not suffer in love, my dear lady.” It has long been believed that the Mitsumata is referred to as “sakikusa” in this poem. Papermaking technology is said to have been introduced to Japan around the 7th century, and Mitsumata, along with kozo (paper mulberry), is likely to have been one of the raw materials brought in. In the precincts of Tenryu-ji Temple in Arashiyama, Kyoto, Mitsumata trees always bloom with three flowers at the tip of each branch.
The flowers of Asebi are now ringing with bells around Tobihino in Nara Park. There are hardly any shrubs other than Asebi in Nara Park because the deer mostly consume leaves within their reach. However, even the voracious deer refrain from eating Asebi due to its toxic components. This explains the abundance of Asebi in Nara Park. Asebi, written in kanji as “馬酔木” (literally “horse intoxication tree”), derives its name from the fact that horses, when they consume its leaves, suffer from poisoning and stagger as if intoxicated. While extracts from pieris leaves were once used as insecticides due to their toxicity, pieris is now classified as a substance that “may pose a risk to crops, livestock, aquatic plants and animals depending on the amount and concentration of use” and is prohibited from being imported, manufactured, sold, or used as pesticides. Asebi has been a familiar tree to the Japanese people since ancient times, with ten poems dedicated to it in the “Manyoshu” anthology. Many of these poems express admiration for Asebi flowers, suggesting that Asebi was planted and admired in gardens until around the late Nara period when the Manyoshu was compiled.
I received some udo harvested from the mountains. It definitely carries the scent of mountain vegetables, but I can’t quite articulate what kind of scent it is. It reminds me of a time long ago, perhaps in Shinhotaka, when it was served during a meal at a guesthouse. I recall it was served as tempura and dressed with vinegar miso; both dishes had the characteristic bitterness of mountain vegetables, a crisp texture, and paired well with rice, allowing me to appreciate the deliciousness of udo for the first time. Upon researching, I found out that udo is one of the few vegetables native to Japan and has been cherished as a harbinger of spring since ancient times, dating back to the Heian period. Most of the udo found in supermarkets and such are cultivated, available throughout the year, but wild udo has a short harvesting season, typically from March to June. Although udo grows impressively tall and appears robust, it is often referred to as ‘udo no taiboku’ (the big tree of udo) to describe someone who is physically imposing but of little use. This is because once the udo season passes, it continues to grow larger, reaching heights of over 2 meters, and its softness renders it unsuitable for construction materials, leading to the metaphorical comparison of udo to people who are of no use.
After completing the main Omizu-tori (water-drawing ceremony) at Todaiji Temple in Nara yesterday, we are now eagerly awaiting the cherry blossoms to bloom. Predictions for this year’s cherry blossom bloom have become active online. Many places are expected to have cherry blossoms blooming either on par with or earlier than usual in 2024. It is predicted that cherry blossoms will bloom in Tokyo and Hiroshima on March 20th (Wednesday), the day of the spring equinox. On the 23rd, Fukuoka, Kochi, Nagoya, and others are expected to bloom, and on the 25th, Osaka is also expected to see blossoms. As April begins, the cherry blossom front will advance northward to the Tohoku and Hokuriku regions, reaching Hokkaido by late April, with blooms expected in Sapporo on the 23rd. By mid-May, the cherry blossom front will reach the northernmost tip of Hokkaido, and including colder regions, cherry blossoms will traverse Japan until early June. Cherry buds are formed in the summer preceding their blooming year. During autumn to winter, they enter a dormant state to survive through the year. They awaken from dormancy when temperatures sharply rise after receiving sufficient cold stimuli. This awakening is termed “dormancy breaking.” There’s a unique rule called the “600℃ Rule,” where the “Dormancy Breaking Day” is hypothetically set as February 1st, and by adding up daily maximum temperatures from there, days surpassing a cumulative temperature of 600℃ are considered as the predicted bloom days. Although this rule is specific to Tokyo, it apparently has a precision where the actual blooming date differs by no more than three days at most. Please try it in your own region as well.
There is a cherry tree where the flowers are blooming at the bottom of the cherry tree trunk, where the buds are still hard. It is called Mikizakura or Douzakizakura. This year’s cherry blossoms are said to bloom around 20 days ago, so they bloom quite early. This phenomenon is attributed to the aging process of the cherry tree, occurring exclusively in older trees. When the cherry tree awakens from its winter slumber and attempts to bloom, it requires more energy. However, in aging cherry trees with diminishing vitality, even with branches reaching into the sky for respiration and photosynthesis, they struggle to obtain sufficient nutrients. When nutrients no longer circulate well in the trunk, which serves as the foundation, the supporting strength diminishes, and the risk of the tree falling increases. Hence, in response to this predicament, the older tree directly sprouts branches from the trunk to bloom flowers and quickly produces leaves for photosynthesis. This is believed to be the cause of the ‘Douzakizakura’ phenomenon. It’s the story sympathized deeply for me. However, after a little while, the flowers will bloom again, so I’m jealous of them.